Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater Aiming Fertilizer Production: Struvite Precipitation Optimization Using a Sequential Plackett–Burman and Doehlert Design

The precipitation of struvite from wastewater is a potential alternative for the recovery nutrients, especially phosphorus, which an essential macronutrient agriculture but can be harmful to environment when improperly disposed in water bodies. In addition, has elements great added value agricultural activity (P, N, and Mg) is, therefore, considered sustainable fertilizer. its formation process, several intervening physicochemical factors may responsible production yield levels. Optimization processes help define direct that truly matter precipitation. this context, sequential design experiments (DOE) methodology was applied select optimize main wastewater. Initially, screening performed with eight aid Plackett–Burman design, real influence on process were identified. Then, Doehlert used optimization by applying response surface desirability function. results identify optimal points pH (10.2), N/P ratio (≥4), initial phosphorus concentration (183.5 mg/L); these values had greater effect struvite, confirmed through thermochemical analysis decomposition structure differential scanning calorimeter—glass transition temperature (DSC-TG) phase identification X-ray diffraction (XRD). determination best synthesis conditions enormous contribution control because lead better yields higher levels recovery.